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E-1 Treaty Trader Visa and E-2 Treaty Investor Visa

The E-1 Treaty Trader and E-2 Treaty Investor visas provide nonimmigrant visa status for a national of a country with which the United States maintains a treaty of commerce and navigation.
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The applicant must be coming to the United States to carry out substantial trade (E-1) between the United States and their country of nationality, or be in the process of investing (or has invested) a substantial amount

The E-1 and E-2 are nonimmigrant visas for nationals of countries that have a trade or investment treaty with the United States – including both Vietnam and the Philippines. The E-1 visa is for business owners with substantial trade activity between their home country and the U.S. The E-2 visa is for investors who wish to develop and operate a U.S. business with a substantial capital investment. Enterline & Partners – licensed U.S. immigration attorneys with offices in Ho Chi Minh City and Manila – handles E-1 and E-2 visa applications from A to Z.

E-1 Treaty Trader and E-2 Treaty Investor Visa

Benefits of E-1 and E-2 Visa

  • The E visa applicant can apply for extensions indefinitely.
  • You can still apply for an immigrant visa after securing an E visa.
  • There is no visa quota. There is no limit to the number of E visas issued each year.
  • Your spouse and your unmarried and under 21 years old children can obtain dependent E visas and live, work and study in the United States.
  • An E visa application can be made directly at the U.S. Consulate where the applicant lives.
  • The E visa preparation and application processing can take as little at 1-2 months allowing you and your family to quickly relocate to the United States

E-1 Treaty Trader Visa General Requirements

  • The principal applicant must have nationality of the treaty country.
  • The U.S. business must be owned at least 50% by a national of the treaty country.
  • The trade must be principally between the U.S. and the treaty country
  • The international trade must be “substantial” in the sense that there is a sizable and continuous volume of trade
  • Trade means the international exchange of goods, services, and/or technology
  • The applicant must be employed in a supervisory or executive capacity, or possess highly specialized skills

E-2 Treaty Investor Visa General Requirements

  • The principal applicant must have nationality of the treaty country.
  • The U.S. business must be owned at least 50% by a national of the treaty country.
  • The legal source and path of funds is not as stringent as EB-5.
  • For an E-2 based on investment, the business must be operating or the applicant is actively in the process of investing.
  • Applicant must demonstrate the ability to direct and develop the business.
  • The applicant must show intent to depart the U.S. after the stay in the U.S. ends.
  • For a new business, the applicant must make a substantial investment.  This varies depending on business and location, but an applicant should have a target investment of around US$250,000.
  • The applicant must be employed in a supervisory or executive capacity, or possess highly specialized skills

Countries in East and Southeast Asia with a qualifying E-1 and E-1 treaty

  • Japan – South Korea – Taiwan – Philippines – Thailand – Philippines – Singapore – Sri Lanka – Australia

How to apply for the E-1 or E-2 Visa

  • Our office collects all the information that we need from you at the start of the case and we will complete all the forms that are required throughout the process so you do not have to.
  • Our office prepares the submission of documents to a U.S. Embassy or Consulate.
  • If the applicant is in the U.S., our office completes and files a Form I-129 Petition on behalf of the applicant) with the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (“USCIS”).
  • Our office completes additional documentation including a DS-160 Online Visa Application and the special DS-156E Application.
  • Our office will be notified that the U.S. Embassy or Consulate has received the file and an interview date has been scheduled.
  • Our office will prepare a final checklist of documentation as well as hold interview preparation sessions before the scheduled appointment.
  • On the day of the interview, we will be available to answer calls or questions or any issues arise.
  • Provided that there are no outstanding issues, the consular officer will approve the E visa.
  • The E visas will arrive in 7-10 business days.
  • The E visa validity varies from country to country, from as short as 3 months to as long as 10 years. 
  • Each consular officer has discretion to issue a visa for any validity period within the period approve for the applicants country.  Often an applicant with a new start-up company in the U.S. may receive a shorter visa validity (such as 2 years) so that the applicant must return for another interview to demonstrate that the business is successful.  

Why Choose Our Firm for your E visa application process?

Our firm has over 30 years of combined experience in representing applicants for business and investment visas such as the E visas.  We offer a full-service, hands-on, comprehensive package designed to see the entire process through from beginning to end. We are immigration attorneys who have hands-on experience in working directly with the U.S. Embassies and Consulates in Ho Chi Minh City, Manila and across Asia. We provide our clients with a unique and personalized approach unmatched by other immigration attorneys.

E-1 vs. E-2 Visa – What’s the Difference?

Vietnamese and Filipino business owners often ask which visa applies to their situation. Here is a quick comparison:

E-1 Treaty Trader VisaE-2 Treaty Investor Visa
Best forBusiness owners/tradersInvestors
Key requirementSubstantial trade between Vietnam/Philippines and the U.S.Substantial investment in a U.S. business
PurposeManaging trade operationsDeveloping and managing the invested business
Validity2 years, unlimited renewals2 years, unlimited renewals
Path to Green CardNo – nonimmigrant visaNo – but can transition to EB-5 or EB-1C

Frequently asked questions

1. What’s the difference between an E-1 and an E-2 visa?
The E-1 visa is for citizens of treaty countries who engage in substantial trade with the United States, while the E-2 visa is for treaty country nationals who have invested or are actively investing a substantial amount of capital in a U.S. business and are managing its operations.
2. How much investment is required to apply for an E visa?
For the E-2 visa, the investment amount depends on the nature and location of the business. However, an investment of at least around USD 250,000 is generally recommended to show that the investment is “substantial” and sufficient to support business operations.
3. What are the benefits for E visa holders and their families?
The main applicant can apply for unlimited renewals, the spouse can legally work in the United States, and unmarried children under 21 can attend school. The entire family can live together in the U.S.
4. How long does E visa processing take?
E visa processing is relatively quick — usually about one to two months from application to interview — making it an ideal option for those who wish to relocate to the U.S. quickly.
5. Why choose Enterline and Partners to help with your E visa application?
Our team of U.S. immigration attorneys has over 30 years of experience handling visa applications. We are familiar with procedures at U.S. consulates in Ho Chi Minh City, Manila, and across Asia, and we provide comprehensive, personalized, and efficient E visa services.
6. Do Vietnam and the Philippines have a treaty with the U.S. for E-1/E-2 visas?
Yes - both Vietnam and the Philippines have bilateral trade agreements with the United States that qualify their nationals for E-1 and E-2 visas. Vietnam signed a Bilateral Trade Agreement (BTA) with the U.S. in 2000. The Philippines has maintained a treaty relationship with the U.S. for decades. This is an important advantage that not every country has, and it opens meaningful options for Vietnamese and Filipino business owners and investors.
7. What is the minimum investment amount for the E-2 visa?
USCIS does not set a fixed minimum, but the investment must be "substantial" - meaning sufficient to successfully operate the business and generate more than marginal income. In practice, E-2 petitions have been approved at various investment levels depending on the type and location of the business. As a general guideline, an investment of around US$250,000 is commonly recommended for a new business. Contact Enterline & Partners for a case-specific assessment.
8. Can an E-2 visa lead to a Green Card?
The E-2 is a nonimmigrant visa and does not directly lead to a Green Card. However, E-2 visa holders who build a qualifying U.S. business may be able to transition to an EB-5 investor visa if they meet the investment and job creation requirements, or to an EB-1C visa if the business has qualifying operations in both their home country and the U.S. Enterline & Partners can advise on the most appropriate long-term pathway for your situation.
9. Can a spouse and children accompany the E visa holder?
Yes - the spouse and unmarried children under 21 years old are eligible for dependent E visas. A significant advantage: the spouse of an E visa holder is authorized to apply for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) and work anywhere in the United States - not just for the sponsoring business. This is a meaningful benefit compared to many other nonimmigrant visa categories.
10. How long does E-1/E-2 visa processing take at the U.S. Consulate in Ho Chi Minh City or the U.S. Embassy in Manila?
Processing time depends on the current workload at the consular post. At the U.S. Consulate in Ho Chi Minh City, E visa applications typically take a few weeks to a few months from the time a complete file is submitted. At the U.S. Embassy in Manila, timelines are comparable though may vary based on volume. Enterline & Partners prepares complete, accurate documentation from the outset to minimize the risk of delays, additional evidence requests, or refusals.

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